By sector

The same instrument, filtered to your exposure

A payments firm and a trade finance desk are not exposed to the same typologies, and they do not have the same control gap. The register of 81 is shared; each sector below shows only the entries that apply to it, the control weakness the assessment probes, and the supervisory context behind it.

Retail and commercial banking

68typologies

A commercial bank sees the widest range of laundering methods, and carries the alert queue most of them eventually reach.

Assessed: 68
Rarely trained: 33
Aimed at: MLRO, Head of Financial Crime, Head of Transaction Monitoring

See the 68 that apply23 cases · leads with The Alert Queue

Payments, EMIs and acquiring

41typologies

Banks increasingly treat payment firms, EMIs and their agent networks as a source of downstream financial-crime exposure.

Assessed: 41
Rarely trained: 24
Aimed at: MLRO, Head of Compliance, Head of Merchant Risk

See the 41 that apply18 cases · leads with The Merchant Book

Trade and commodity finance

18typologies

Trade laundering is documentary. The paperwork is produced to be plausible, and is usually checked file by file rather than read as a set.

Assessed: 18
Rarely trained: 6
Aimed at: Head of Trade Compliance, Financial Crime Investigations

See the 18 that apply11 cases · leads with The Goods Chain

Wealth and private banking

19typologies

Private wealth laundering sits inside apparently legitimate ownership, lending and estate structures, which are rarely retested once a relationship is established.

Assessed: 19
Rarely trained: 11
Aimed at: MLRO, Head of Client Due Diligence, Reputational Risk

See the 19 that apply13 cases · leads with The Relationship Review

Capital markets and brokerage

9typologies

Laundering in capital markets looks exactly like trading, because it is trading.

Assessed: 9
Rarely trained: 4
Aimed at: MLRO, Head of Surveillance, Compliance Advisory

See the 9 that apply5 cases · leads with The Securities Book

Crypto and digital assets

20typologies

The ledger is permanent, so the exposure sits at the edges: on-ramp, off-ramp and identity.

Assessed: 20
Rarely trained: 13
Aimed at: MLRO, Head of Compliance, Blockchain Analytics Lead

See the 20 that apply7 cases · leads with The Exchange Desk

Legal and conveyancing

10typologies

Law firms complete the step that gives a structure legal effect, and the client account is the part other institutions trust without looking behind it.

Assessed: 10
Rarely trained: 5
Aimed at: MLRO, Compliance Partner, COLP, Practice Risk

See the 10 that apply7 cases · leads with The Client Account

Accountancy, tax and insolvency

8typologies

Accountants produce the record other institutions rely on, including the accounts that make an implausible business look filed and settled.

Assessed: 8
Rarely trained: 5
Aimed at: MLRO, Compliance Partner, Head of Risk, Insolvency Practitioner

See the 8 that apply5 cases · leads with The Client Engagement

Property, art and high-value dealers

6typologies

Property and high-value goods hold value, change hands easily, and in the case of art and antiquities carry no ownership registry at all.

Assessed: 6
Rarely trained: 3
Aimed at: MLRO, Compliance Manager, Practice Risk

See the 6 that apply5 cases · leads with The Private Client File

Insurance

10typologies

Insurance proceeds receive less downstream scrutiny because they arrive from a regulated insurer, which makes the payout itself a laundering mechanism.

Assessed: 10
Rarely trained: 7
Aimed at: MLRO, Head of Financial Crime, Head of Underwriting Controls

See the 10 that apply10 cases · leads with The Policy Book

Gambling and gaming

9typologies

Operators have to distinguish a customer losing money badly from one losing it deliberately, on the same account activity.

Assessed: 9
Rarely trained: 4
Aimed at: MLRO, Head of Safer Gambling and AML, Compliance Director

See the 9 that apply6 cases · leads with The Betting Account